There’s lots of reasons you might be sick, like food poisoning or being ill, but if you are sick after exercising it is probably because during exercise, there is much less blood sent towards the stomach, there is less oxygen available to it, and so this can leave you feeling ill. If you eat too much food before exercising, your body will be very uncomfortable and so making you feel ill and vomiting is one way of getting rid of it. You might also vomit after the session because you are dehydrated from not drinking enough during the exercise session, you have a problem with acid reflux (where the acid in your tummy comes back up towards your neck), you are suffering from heat exhaustion (which also leads to dehydration), or you have low blood sugar when you are exercising. To avoid this, you should eat a proper meal 2-3 hours before exercise (which will maintain blood sugar) and keep sipping (not gulping) water or a sports drink (dependent on how long you are exercising for) throughout the training session.
I completely agree with Laura Anne with the reasons why someone might be sick. Just to add everyone is different in terms of how long they need to leave after eating before exercising, plus during endurance exercise what fluid and food they are able to consume. To find out what your body can handle it is a little bit of trial and error. Prior to competition, endurance athletes will practice with food and fluids they can consume during exercise without any stomach discomfort or detrimental effects on performance.
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