Its the study of the earth’s physical nature and processes by how physical phenomena interact with the earth.
For example we use sound in the form of seismic waves to investigate the layers of sand and rock underneath the seabed. We make a noise and then listen to the echoes that come back to build up a picture of what the subsurface looks like (kind of like a bat’s echo location).
We can also measure the earths magnetic field, which is disturbed by buried magnetic objects like unexploded bombs and use maps of these disturbances to identify buried bombs – places you don’t want to put anything like a wind turbine or offshore pipeline!
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