Nice question, and this is something that’s really important in science at the moment because we have gases like carbon dioxide dissolving into our oceans and making them more acidic!
The way to measure the solubility of a gas, such as carbon dioxide, is quite simple. All you do is bubble the gas through your water for a while, and then use some clever machines to measure how much gas has dissolved. The colder the temperature of your water, the longer these experiments take because the gas will dissolve more slowly.
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