Great question. The medical term for this condition is called dwarfism. This occurs usually when there people have a defective protein, or hormone, that determines growth. During development from childhood to adulthood, body growth relies on time-triggered cues from these hormone-involved proteins, and when they are defective, the body does not get the signal that it must grow in height. For example, bones and their growth depends on these signals hormonal and growth-protein signals.
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