The big bang theory is the idea that the Universe started off as a really tiny point, which then expanded and got bigger and bigger. It started off really hot and dense, and as it expanded it cooled and structures (stars, planets, galaxies) began to form.
Our main evidence for the big bang comes from the Cosmic Microwave Background. The Cosmic Microwave Background is light from the really early Universe that we see today as microwaves. You can see it from anywhere in the Universe, and it’s a direct prediction of the Big Bang theory.
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