That’s because sounds travels faster in helium than it does in normal air (because it’s low density makes it easier for the sound waves to compress it). So when you breathe in the helium, it passes over your vocal chords and distorts the sounds you make. The wavelength of the sound stays the same (because the geometry of your vocal chords doesn’t change), but because the speed of sound is greater, the frequency is higher and so you sound higher pitched. (wavelength = speed/frequency).
Even though I can explain why it works, it still cracks me up every time.
🙂
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