Their are a variety of reasons, but one of the most common is a sudden lowering of blood pressure which means the blood does not reach the brain and the brain partially shuts down as a protective mechanism. Whilst unconscious, the body adjusts the blood pressure and blood supply is restored to the brain making us “come round” again.
People usually faint due to insufficient blood and oxygen to the brain. It could be because of a situation, like seeing blood, which might change your blood circulation and thus the oxygen getting to the brain. People can also faint because they stand up too quickly, where the heart and veins work hard to fight against the effects of gravity pulling the blood to your feet. So, this change in blood pressure may lead to a temporary problem with the flow of blood to the brain.
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