Not my field! Rechargeable batteries use an electrochemical reaction (the reaction that releases the electricity) which can be reversed. Initially, rechargeable batteries were heavy, needed liquid acids in them and took hours to recharge – like the lead-acid car battery. Nowadays, the nickel-metal-hydride and similar technologies mean that rechargeable batteries can be lightweight, low cost and quickly recharged.
In ordinary batteries the electrochemical reaction only goes one way.
The energy in a battery comes from a chemical reaction. The difference between a rechargeable and an ordinary battery is that this reaction is reversible in a rechargeable battery but irreversible in an ordinary battery. So, in an ordinary battery, once all the chemicals are used up, you have to throw it away. In a rechargable battery, you can add energy to reverse the reaction (this is what charging means), and then the battery can be used again.
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