There really isn’t a single answer to this! One thing doctors will do is try and figure out what bacterial species might be the one causing a problem in an infection – certain species tend to be resistant to some antibiotics. For example Campylobacter food poisoning nowadays is often resistant to fluoroquinolone antibiotics, so in this case other antibiotics would be more effective!
Additionally, to avoid bacteria’s resistance against a single antibiotic building up, it’s always a good idea to treat infections with alternating antibiotic rather than using the same one over and over in the same patient.
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