It depends a lot on the gas. Some will do nothing, some will stop being toxic and some will become a lot worse because they’ll react with the gas and make even more poisonous things.
Normally what happens is you add something to water and it will react to produce something really toxic. Here’s a list I found from google of some of the many, many, many chemicals you have to be really careful adding to water:
Sometimes some of the gas will dissolve (or hide) in the water. HCl is a toxic gas made of hydrogen atoms and chlorine atoms. This gas can dissolve in water to make hydrochloric acid. Although this acid can be dangerous, we use it quite a lot in chemistry, and it is very cheap (chlorine can be made by putting electricity through saltwater).
So when handled safely, the mixing of a toxic gas (HCl) and water can make something useful.
As Robert has said it depends on the gas. Sometime it can stay in the water making it toxic and sometimes it may just bubble out. Best not to drink it either way.
There are some horrible chemicals that is they are put in water make harmful acidic gases like hydrochloric acid.
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