They were basically big floating balloons with a place for people to sit stuck on the bottom. The gas they were filled with was usually hydrogen, as it is very light and so would pull the Zeppelin up into the sky. They stopped being popular in the 1930s because of a big disaster where a Zeppelin called the Hindenberg caught on fire during a flight.
For more info, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeppelin
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