The Earth and the rest of the Solar system formed from a massive cloud of interstellar dust through the action of gravity about 4.5 Billion years ago. The Earth was much warmer and the atmosphere had a lot of Carbon dioxide in it.
About 3.5 Billion years ago simple life started to evolve and fixed a lot of the carbon out of the atmosphere releasing oxygen. The oxygen formed ozone in the upper atmosphere protecting the surface of the earth from too much harmful ultra violet radiation from the Sun.
After that more advanced forms of life evolved, until we find ourselves here today!
In truth there is no finalised theory, but I think there will be one soon.
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