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Asked by dylanmain to Barn Owl, Brown garden snail, Common Crane, Emperor Dragonfly, Hazel Dormouse, Catshark, Scotch Thistle, St Kilda Wren on 4 Dec 2017.
Question: Do they all have the same Bases
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Emperor Dragonfly answered on 4 Dec 2017:
Yes, all living things that we know about have the same four bases A,G,T,C although organisms vary in the chemical modifications to these bases in their genomes – for example human genomes often have methyl (CH3) added to their C bases that is involved in the regulation of gene expression However, these are basically the same!
Scientists have just recently engineered a bacterium that has two extra bases (X and Y) [http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/11/scientists-just-added-two-functional-letters-genetic-code] that allows them to include amino acids in proteins that do not occur in natural proteins – could be an exciting way to make new chemical compounds like new antibiotics that no bacterium is resistant to (which would be a huge breakthrough!)
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Hazel Dormouse answered on 6 Dec 2017:
The interesting thing for sequencing a genome is to see what order the bases are in. That’s where we will find the differences.
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Lesser-Spotted Catshark answered on 8 Dec 2017:
As others have said we have all the same bases: A-G-C-T. But their order and their total number vary quite a bit species to species! The fun is discovering how they vary and what this means!
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