There are lots of different routes into science. Some people find a job straight from school whereas others get further education. Personally after my A-Levels I did an undergraduate degree (3 years), followed by a PhD (4 years). But I’m still training and learning all the time – it’s called continuing professional development.
It took 3 years to do my degree but then continual work afterwards including a professional accreditation with took about 3 years, I also did a Masters part-time taking 2 years.
I am a big believer that you are a scientist from the starting point. I don’t like defining people as ‘not a scientist yet’. But it took me 4 years to get my professional qualifications.
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