A neutrino physicist is a physicist who studies neutrinos – it’s as simple as that.
Neutrinos are uncharged, almost massless elementary particles, closely related to the electron. They are very very very common – about 65 billion of them pass through every square centimetre of your body every second, from the Sun – but unfortunately interact extremely weakly, so most of those 65 billion pass straight through the Earth and on into space. We need extremely large detectors to get useful measurements out of the tiny fraction of neutrinos that actually interact (the greater the target mass you offer, the more neutrinos interact).
Neutrinos are interesting because they transform their identities in unexpected ways – they are the least well understood of the known particles. So by studying them in detail we hope to learn more about how the universe works.
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