There is a group of scientists at my work who are making fake bones and joints. These will eventually replace the metal ones that we use now. The have little holes running through them so that your own bone can grow into them.
Yes there is a whole field of science called Materials Science. It deals with fundamental properties and characteristics of materials as well as things like nanotechnology, biomaterials, composite materials, superconductors, and all the fancy stuff that makes you iPhone work.
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