There are two key pieces of evidence for Big Bang theory that explains logically creation of the Universe. These are: (i) expansion of the universe and (ii) cosmic microwave background radiation.
An astronomer called Edwin Hubble (the Hubble Telescope is named after him) found that all the other stars and galaxies are moving away from us, and the further a galaxy is away the faster it is moving. This is evidence for a generally expanding universe and it suggests that everything is moving away from everything else.
The expansion of the universe was one of the most important scientific discoveries in the last 100 years and it transformed the debate about whether the universe had a beginning or an end.
Moreover, if galaxies are moving apart now, they must have been closer together in the past. Scientists were able to calculate that if their speed had been constant, all the galaxies would have all been on top of one another about 15 billion years ago.
Now comes that second bit of evidence: cosmic microwave background radiation…these are microwaves like the ones in your oven (but much less powerful!). This has only relatively recently been detected and provides the evidence that in the creation of the universe involved a very dense beginning. The only reasonable explanation of the presence of these background levels is that it is radiation left over from an early very hot and dense state. As the universe expanded, the radiation has cooled until it is just the faint signals we can observe today.
Daniel gave a great answer, and yes the big bang is definitely the best explanation we currently have for the formation of the universe and it has been for a while now.
It is always possible that new information will come along and show that the universe was created some other way but with what we know now, that doesn’t seem very likely.
But science is always changing which is what makes it so interesting!
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