What are all the parts of the brain called and what are they’re functions?

Question: What are all the parts of the brain called and what are they're functions?
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Asked by ALOrona to John, Laura, Luke, Rob, Ruth on 10 Jun 2016.
- Laura Finney answered on 10 Jun 2016:
  
  ahhhhhhhh there are so many I believe and so many functions and many that scientists don’t know! Unfortunately I’m no neuroscientist but I have friends who are so maybe I’ll ask them!
- Ruth Patchett answered on 11 Jun 2016:
  
  The brain is pretty complex so I don’t think anyone knows what every bit does. The best way we learn about it is actually when people have brain damage and a bit if it stops working and then we see what part of them doesn’t work anymore. Generally speaking the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body so if the right side of the body doesn’t work as well it could be because someone has injured the left side of their brain. I am not an expert in brain function but the “brain stem” is at the bottom of your brain and controlled your vital organs like breathing, heartbeat etc the front of your brain is your personality and thinking and understanding situations (among other things). This website has a good diagram and some explanations if you are interested in more detail http://www.brainwaves.com
- John Fossey answered on 11 Jun 2016:
  
  Ask Pinky http://goo.gl/h0QM7I

Question: What are all the parts of the brain called and what are they're functions?