Hi Cooper. This is hard and easy to answer. We don’t know! We know that mass generates gravity, and that particles inside atoms have mass, but we don’t know where it comes from, or how it relates to other forces.
The best theory we have is that there is a particle called the “Higgs Boson”, which only has mass and nothing else. It gives mass to all the other particles around it. Trouble is, no one has ever seen or found a Higgs Boson. There’s a huge experiment in Europe called the “Large Hadron Collider” which smashes atoms together at high speed. One of the things they are trying to find is the Higgs Boson.
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