So the sprain itself is caused by forcing the foot/joint past its normal range of movement. This would then lead to damage of the tendons within the ankle. This damage causes the foot to swell which protects and stabilises the joint to try and aid recovery. Bruising is a consequence of this swelling, with some bleeding occurring under the skin from the damage. With lots of rest and recovery the foot should recovery fine and with rehabilitation the tendon will regain its strength.
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