To become a professional scientist, you need to get good enough grades at Alevel (probably As and Bs but that depends on the Uni and the Course) to get into a good University and get a science degree. If you get a first or a 2.1, you can either do a Masters degree or go straight for a PhD, a 3-4 years research project of your own where, at the end, you write up all of your work, and a couple of professional scientists read it, question you on it, and decide if you ‘pass’, at which point you can get a job as a research scientist.
I studied in Italy so things are very different there. We don;t have A level and we must have a master to get access to a PhD. It sounds much quicker with the English system!
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